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1
Feasibility
Scoping Study
An early, rapid assessment that determines whether it makes sense to move forward. This stage provides a quick overview of potential opportunities and risks, and confirms if investing in a full feasibility study is worthwhile.
Feasibility Study
A detailed analysis involving field visits, sampling, budget preparation, and methodological review. This step ensures the project meets the requirements of Verra or other leading carbon standards before significant investment is made.
2
Design
PDD
Preparation of the full Project Design Document (PDD) required for registration. This comprehensive document outlines the project’s scope, methodologies, and expected outcomes.
Registration Stages
Under Development Listing: Submit the draft PDD to Verra. Under Validation Listing: Submit the full PDD and contract a Validation and Verification Body (VVB). Validation: The VVB issues a report, required fixes are completed, and the project is officially listed as registered.
Baseline Assessments
Before implementation begins, baseline studies are carried out. These may include soil sampling and tree analysis (for VCS), and expanded measurements covering community, climate, and biodiversity (if CCB is included).
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is a cornerstone of credible carbon projects, ensuring that communities are not just consulted but actively engaged and supportive from the outset. C4 facilitates FPIC processes that are transparent, inclusive, and fully aligned with international best practice. By securing genuine community consent before project activities begin, we help developers avoid reputational risks, strengthen local partnerships, and build the long-term trust needed for project success.
3
Implementation
Implementation
With feasibility confirmed and baseline assessments complete, project activities begin on the ground. This stage marks the transition from planning to tangible action.
Verification & Credit Issuance
Around four years after implementation starts, the project undergoes independent verification by a VVB. Once approved, credits are formally issued under the chosen standard.
4
Validation
Selling Credits
Issued credits can be sold immediately, or pre-sold in advance at a reduced price through forward sales. The process then repeats for each new crediting cycle, creating ongoing opportunities for revenue and impact.
1
Feasibility
Early Opportunity Identification
C4 helps investors identify early-stage carbon projects with strong potential. Through rapid scoping and due diligence, we highlight opportunities worth exploring, ensuring investors enter projects at the right stage and with confidence.
Financial Investment Planning
We support investors with clear financial planning, including feasibility budgets, risk assessments, and investment timelines. Our goal is to make projects financially viable and strategically sound.
2
Design
Carbon Budgeting
C4 provides carbon budgeting expertise to help investors, project proponents and buyers understand potential credit volumes, timelines for issuance, and long-term returns. This includes modelling different scenarios for risk and reward.
3
Implementation
Co-Benefit Assurance
Carbon projects are stronger when they deliver measurable co-benefits. We ensure projects are designed with social, community, and biodiversity outcomes in mind, aligning with investor ESG and CSR priorities.
Carbon Credit Assurance
C4 oversees validation and verification processes, ensuring credits meet rigorous standards and are fully registry-compliant. This provides investors with confidence in the quality and credibility of credits.
4
Validation
Carbon Retirement
We guide investors and buyers through the retirement of credits, ensuring proper registry processes and transparent reporting. This helps organisations demonstrate compliance and progress toward net-zero commitments.
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